Honey Bee Info
Do you know what you are dealing with? Below is some information provided for you about honey bees, habits and species for your reading pleasure. Honey bees (or honeybees) are a subset of bees, primarily distinguished by the production and storage of honey and the construction of perennial, colonial nests out of wax. Honey bees are the only extant members of the tribe Apini, all in the genus Apis. Currently, there are only seven recognized species of honey bee with a total of 44 subspecies (Engel, 1999) though historically, anywhere from six to eleven species have been recognized. Honey bees represent only a small fraction of the approximately 20,000 known species of bees. Some other types of related bees produce and store honey, but only members of the genus Apis are true honey bees.
* Eastern species
These are 3 or 4 species. The reddish Koschevnikov’s Bee (Apis koschevnikovi) from Borneo is well distinct; it probably derives from the first colonization of the island by cave-nesting honey bees. Apis cerana, the Eastern honey bee proper, is the traditional honey bee of southern and eastern Asia, kept in hives in a similar fashion to Apis mellifera, though on a much smaller and regionalized scale. It has not been possible yet to resolve its relationship to the Bornean Apis cerana nuluensis and Apis nigrocincta from the Philippines to satisfaction; the most recent hypothesis is that these are indeed distinct species but that A. cerana is still paraphyletic, consisting of several good species (Arias & Sheppard 2005).
* European (Western, Common) honey bee
Apis mellifera, the most commonly domesticated species, was the third insect to have its genome mapped. It seems to have originated in eastern tropical Africa and spread from there to Northern Europe and eastwards into Asia to the Tien Shan range. It is variously called the European, Western or Common honey bee in different parts of the world. There are many subspecies that have adapted to the local geographic and climatic environment, and in addition, hybrid strains such as the Buckfast bee have been bred. Behavior, color and anatomy can be quite different from one subspecies or even strain to another.
Regarding phylogeny, this is the most enigmatic honey bee species. It seems to have diverged from its Eastern relatives only during the Late Miocene. This would fit the hypothesis that the ancestral stock of cave-nesting honey bees was separated into the Western group of E Africa and the Eastern group of tropical Asia by desertification in the Middle East and adjacent regions, which caused declines of foodplants and trees which provided nest sites, eventually causing gene flow to cease. The diversity of subspecies is probably the product of a (largely) Early Pleistocene radiation aided by climate and habitat changes during the last ice age. That the Western honey bee has been intensively managed by humans since many millennia – including hybridization and introductions – has apparently increased the speed of its evolution and confounded the DNA sequence data to a point where little of substance can be said about the exact relationships of many A. mellifera subspecies.(Arias & Sheppard 2005)
There are no honey bees native to the Americas. In 1622, European colonists brought the dark bee (A. m. mellifera) to the Americas, followed later by Italian bees (A. m. ligustica) and others. Many of the crops that depend on honey bees for pollination have also been imported since colonial times. Escaped swarms (known as “wild” bees, but actually feral) spread rapidly as far as the Great Plains, usually preceding the colonists. The Native Americans called the honey bee “the white man’s fly”. Honey bees did not naturally cross the Rocky Mountains; they were carried by ship to California in the early 1850s.
*Africanized Bee
Widely known as the “killer bee”, Africanized bees are highly aggressive hybrids between European stock and the African subspecies A. m. scutellata; they are thus often called “Africanized bees”. Originating by accident in Brazil, they have spread to North America and constitutes a pest in some regions. However, these strains do not overwinter well, and so are not often found in the colder, more Northern parts of North America. On the other hand, the original breeding experiment for which the African bees were brought to Brazil in the first place has continued (though not as intended): novel hybrid strains of domestic and re-domesticated Africanized bees combine high resilience to tropical conditions and good yields, and are popular among beekeepers in Brazil.
(**All information above was extracted from the Wikipedia 03/2009)
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COUNTY / TOWNSHIP
Adair
Ballard -Baron -Bunch -Chance -Christie -Lee Creek -Stilwell -Watts -Wauhillau -Westville
Alfalfa
Aline -Amorita -Beard -Burlington -Byron -Carmen -Cherokee -Clay -Cloud -Driftwood -Eagle Chief -Goltry Helena -Ingersoll -Jet -Karoma -Keith -Lambert -Lincoln -Parsons -Round Grove -Saline -Spring -Stella
Atoka
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Beaver
Balko -Beaver -Benton -Blue Grass -Elmwood -Floris -Garland -Gate -Grand Valley -Knowles -Kokomo -Logan -Nabisco
Beckham
Bettina -Buffalo -Carter -Dabney -Delhi -Elk -Elk City -Erick -Merritt -North Fork -Poarch -Richland -Sayre -Texola
Blaine
Alfalfa -Arapahoe -Canadian -Canton -Cantonment -Cantonment Indian School -Carlton -Cedar Valley -Cimarron -Dixon -Flynn -Geary -Hitchcock -Homestead -Kennedy -Lawton -Liberty -Lincoln -Logan -Longdale -Okeene -River -Seay -Watonga -Wells
Bryan
Achille -Albany -Bennington -Bokchito -Brown -Caddo -Calera -Colbert -Durant -Kemp -Lake -Matoy -Speairs
Caddo
Abilene -Anadarko -Apache -Banner -Beaver -Binger -Boone -Bridgeport -Cache -Caddo -Carnegie -Cedar -Cement -Connewango -Cyril -Delaware -Doyle -East McKinley -Fern -Fort Cobb -Gracemont -Grand View -Hale -Highland -Hinton -Hydro -Jefferson -Lincoln -Lone Mound -Lone Rock -Lookeba -McKinley -Mound Valley -North Cement -North Cobb -North Lathram -Riverside School -Sickles -South Cement -South Lathram -Swan Lake -Tonkawa -Waconda -Walnut -West McKinley -Willow
Canadian
Calumet -Cement -Darlington -East Walnut -El Reno -Fort Reno Military and Indian Reserve -Frisco -Geary -Maple -Mathewson -Mustang -Oak -Okarche -Piedmont -Prairie -Reno -Rock Island -Union City -Valley -West Walnut
Carter
Akers -Ardmore -Berwyn -Graham -Healdton -Hewitt -Lone Grove -Morgan -Wilson
Cherokee
Briggs -Cookson -Crittenden -Grandview -Hulbert -Moodys -Park Hill -Peggs -Tahlequah
Choctaw
Boswell -Everidge -Fort Towson -Grant -Hugo -Hunter -Jeter -Oakes -Ratliffe -Soper -Swink -Wilson
Cimarron
Boise City -Cleveland -Garrett -Gresham -Kenton -keyes -Marella -Sandy Hook -Wheeless -Willowbar
Cleveland
Canadian -Case -Lexington -Liberty -Little River -Moore -Noble -Norman -Stella -Taylor
Coal
Ash Flat -Bromide -Bryan -Clarita -Coalgate -Hanraty -Haskell -Jackson -Jefferson -Lehigh -Murray -Phillips
Comanche
Brown -Cache -Cedar Grove -Chandler -Chattanooga -Crosby -Deyo -Elgin -Faxon -Fletcher -Geronimo -Hulen -Indiahoma -Lake -Lawrence -Lawton -Lincoln -Mangan -McMaster -Painter -Quanah -Richards -Saddle Mountain -Sterling -Wichita -Zella
Cotton
Beaver -Bryan -Cache -Devol -Hulen -Jackson -Jefferson -Randlett -Strauss -Temple -Texas -Walters
Craig
Big Cabin -Bluejacket -Centralia -Vinita -Welch
Creek
Bristow -Creek -Depew -Drumright -Euchee -Hazlip -Kellyville -Kiefer -Lakeside -Mannford -Markham -Mounds -Newby -Oilton -Olive -Sapulpa -Shamrock -Shannon -Slick -Sunny Slope -Tiger
Custer
Arapaho -Barnitz -Butler -Cedar -Clinton -Custer -Deer Creek -Grant -Washita -Weatherford
Delaware
Beaty -Bernice -Grove -Jay -Kansas -Mosely -Saline
Dewey
Banner -Boyd -Camargo -Clark -Cleveland -Dawson -Dewey -Grant -Haddon -Harper -Harrison -Johnson -Leedey -Lincoln -Little Robe -Marion -Oakwood -Putnam -Seiling -Sickle -Simpson -Taloga -Trail -Vici -Webb
Ellis
Arnett -Athens -Austin -Benton -Day -Fargo -Gage -Grand -Greenwood -Hopewell -Ivanhoe -Jefferson -Little Robe -Morgan -Ohio -Oleta -Otter -Parkman -Rawdon -Rock -Shattuck -Sheldon -Woodrow
Garfield
Allison -Banner -Blaine -Breckenridge -Buffalo -Covington -Douglas -Drummond -Enid -Fairmont -Flynn -Garber -Garland -Grant -Hackberry -Hillsdale -Hobart -Hunter -Keowee –Kremlin- Lahoma -Lincoln -Logan -Marshall -McKinley -Noble -North Enid -Olive -Osborn -Otter -Patterson -Reed -Sheridan -Skeleton -Sumner -Union -Washington -Waukomis -Wood
Garvin
Brady -Elmore City -Lindsay -Maysville -Paoli -Paul’s Valley -Stratford -Walker -Whitebead -Wynnewood
Grady
Alex -Amber -Bradley -Chandler -Chickasha -Cross -Dutton -Harrison -Hillsboro -Lucile -Middleberg -Minco -Naples -Ninnekah -Pocasset -Prairie Valley -Pursley -Rush Springs -Shirley -Starr -Tabler -Tuttle -Union -Verden -Vincent -Waldron -Washington
Grant
Alfalfa -Banner -Barr -Berry -Bluff -Bryan -Coldwater -Dirigo -Fairview -Gore -Hickory -Jarvis -Jefferson -Lamont -Liberty -Manchester -Medford -Nashville -Numa -Pond Creek -Prairie -Renfrow -Reno -Rock Island -Salt Fork -Valley -Wakita -Ware
Greer
Bloomington -Brinkman -Granite -Jester -Mangum -Quartz -Raney -Tilly -Willow
Harmon
Dryden -Francis -Gould -Hollis -Looney -Madge -Martin
Harper
Adams -Buffalo -Center -Doby -Garfield -George -Good -Kiowa -Laverne -Little -May -Otter -Rosston -Saline -Speermoore -Wilson
Haskell
Beaver -Brooken -Center -Diamond -Keota -Kinta -Liberty -Machire -McCurtain -Sans Bois -Stigler -Taloka -Tamaha
Hughes
Allen -Barnard -Bilby -Calvin -Dustin -Holdenville -Jacobs -Lamar -Newburg -Stuart -Wetumka -Yeager
Jackson
Altus -Baucum -Carmel -Duke -Eldorado -Elmer -Headrick -Martha -Navajo -Olustee
Jefferson
Addington -Blackburn -Bourland -Brown -Cornish -Earl -Grayson -Hastings -Patterson -Price -Ringling -Ryan -Sugden -Terral -Waurika -Wray -Wright
Johnston
Brogdon -Bromide -Garner -Garrett -Gibbs -Harris -Mannsville -Milburn -Mill Creek -Myrick -Ratliff -Thomas -Tishomingo -Wapanucka
Kay
Beaver -Blackwell -Braman -Carlisle -Cross -Dale -Hardy -Kaw City -Kildare -Longwood -Lowe -Miller -Nardin -Newkirk -Owen -Ponca City -Renfrow -Rock Falls -Round Grove -Tonkawa -Vernon -Waltham -Washunga -Weston
Kingfisher
Altona -Banner -Cashion -Center -Cimarron -Columbia -Cooper -Coronado -Downs -Excelsior -Grant -Harrison -Hennessey -Kingfisher -Lacey -Logan -Lynn -Okarche -Omega -Otter -Park -Reserve -River -Sherman -Skeleton -Union
Kiowa
Cooper -Cooperton -Dill -Gotebo -Harrison -Hobart -Lone Wolf -Marshall -Mountain Park -Mountain View -Otter Creek -Roosevelt -Snyder
Latimer
Buffalo -Cravens -Damon -Degnan -Gowen -Red Oak -Salonia -Wilburton
Le Flore
Bokoshe -Braden -Cameron -Cowlington -Heavener -Houston -Howe -Kennady -Kully Chaha -Milton –Monroe- Muse -Octavia -Page -Panama -Pocola -Poteau -Shady Point -Spiro -Summerfield -Talihina -Wister
Lincoln
Agra -Bryan -Carney -Chandler -Cimarron -Davenport -Fallis -Iowa -Kickapoo -McKinley -Meeker -North Choctaw -North Creek -North Fox -North Keokuk -North Seminole -North Wichita- Osage Otoe -Pawnee -Ponca -Prague -South Choctaw -South Creek -South Fox -South Keokuk -South Seminole -South Wichita -Sparks -Stroud -Tohee -Tryon- -Union -Wellston
Logan
Antelope -Bear Creek -Cedar -Coyle -Crescent -Guthrie -Iowa -Iron Mound -Langston -Lawrie -Le Baron –Marshall- Meridian -Mulhall -North Cimarron -Oak View -Orlando -Rose Hill -Seward -South Cimarron -Spring Creek -Springer -Springvale -Woodland
Love
Burney -Hickory -Leon -Marietta -Thackerville -Washington
Major
Ames -Bishop -Cimarron -Cleo -Crowell -Dane -Deep Creek -Fairview -Jones -Meno -Quinlan -Ringwood -Sheridan -Stone -Van
Marshall
Holfrod -Kingston -Madill -Oakland -Odell -Taliaferro -Willis -Woodville
Mayes
Adair -Bryan -Center -Choteau -Hogan -Locust Grove -Mazie -Murphy -Pryor -Rider -River -Salina -Strang
McClain
Blanchard -Byars -Colbert -Goldsby -Hopping -Johnson -Muncrief -Perry -Purcell -Turnbull -Victor -Washington -Wayne
McCurtain
Broken Bow -Eagle -Fowler -Frisco -Garvin -Haworth -Idabel -Kirk -Mountain -Smithville -Sulphur -Valliant -White -Wilson
McIntosh
Beck -Burton -Checotah -Cobb -Eufaula -Hanna -Hitchita -McDaniels -Rentiesville -Ryals -Simpson -Turner
Murray
Allen -Coyle -Davis -Dougherty -Hickory -Leeper -Lowrance -Morgan -Mosley -Sulphur -Tuerner
Muskogee
Agency -Boynton -Braggs -Brewer -Council Hill -Darling -Fort Gibson -Harris -Haskell -Martin -McLain -Moore -Muskogee -Nash -Ogle -Oktaha -Porum -Sutton -Taft -Vann -Wainwright -Warner -Webber Falls
Noble
Auburn -Autry -Billings -Black Bear -Bressie -Buffalo -Bunch Creek -Carson -Glenrose -Lowe -Marland -Missouri -Morrison -Noble -Oakdale -Otoe -Perry -Red Rock -Rock -Santa Fe -Sumner -Walnut -Warren Valley -Watkins -White Rock
Nowata
Alluwe -Armstrong -Delaware -Hickory -Lenapah -Nowata -Snow Creek -South Coffeyville -Wann -Watova
Okfuskee
Bearden -Boley -Castle -Creek -Hickory Ridge -Lester -Lincoln -Morse -Okemah -Okfuskee -Paden -Weleetka
Oklahoma
Bethany -Boone -Britton -Cass -Choctaw -Council Grove -Crutcho -Deep Fork -Deer Creek -Dewey -Edmond -Elk -Greeley -Harrah -Hartzell -Jones -Lincoln -Luther -Mustang -Oklahoma City -Pottawatomie -Spring Creek -Springer
Okmulgee
Bald Hill -Beggs -Bryan -Bryant -Dewar -Hamilton -Henry -Henryetta -Hoffman -Kusa -Morris -Natura -Okmulgee -Pascoe -Schulter -Severs -Tiger
Osage
Avant -Barnsdall -Big Hill -Bigheart -Black Dog -Burbank -Caney -Fairfax -Foraker -Grainola -Hominy -Nelagoney -Osage -Pawhuska -Shidler -Skiatook -Strike Axe -Webb -Wynona
Ottawa
Afton -Cardin -Commerce -Council House -Fairland -Miami -Narcissa -North Miami -Ottawa -Peoria -Picher -Quapaw -Wyandotte
Pawnee
Banner -Blackburn -Burnham -Cimarron -Cleveland -Coal Creek -Eagle -Hallett -House Creek -Jennings -Jordan Valley -Keystone Lake
Payne
Cherokee -Cimarron -Clarkson -Clayton -Clear Creek -Cushing -Eagle -Eden -Elm Grove -Glencoe -Henry -Indian -Mound -Paradise -Pawnee -Perkins -Quay -Ripley -Rose -Stillwater -Union -Yale
Pittsburg
Alderson -Ashland -Bucklucksy -Canadian -Crowder -Dow -Haileyville -Hartshorne -Indianaola -Kiowa -McAlester -Pittsburg -Quinton -Savanna -Ti
Pontotoc
Ada -Allen -Chickasaw -Fitzhugh -Francis -Maxwell -Midland -Roff -Stonewall
Pottawatomie
Asher -Avoca -Bales -Brinton -Burnett -Davis -Dent -Earlsboro -Eason -Forest -Maud -McLoud -Moore -Rock Creek -Saint Louis -Shawnee -Tecumseh -Wanette
Pushmataha
Albion -Antlers -Finley -Kiamichi -Kosoma -Tuskahoma
Roger Mills
Bar X -Berlin -Bowman -Cheyenne -Dewey -Hammon -Kiowa -Meridian -Reydon -Streeter -Strong -Washita -Wilcox
Rogers
Catoosa -Chelsea -Claremore -Collinsville -Foyil -Inola -Oawala -Oolagah -Talala -Verdigris
Seminole
Brown -Cromwell -Econtuchka -Konawa -Lima -Lincoln -Maud -Miller -Red Mound -Sasakwa -Seminole -Wewoka -Wolf
Sequoyah
Atkins -Blackgum -Brent -Campbell -Gans -Gore -Hanson -Long -Marble City -McKey -Moffett -Muldrow -Paw Paw -Prices Chapel -Redland -Rocky Mountain -Roland -Sadie -Sallisaw -Vian
Stephens
Brown -Comanche -Duncan -Hope -King -Loco -Marlow -McPherson -Parks -Richland -Rock Creek -Wall
Texas
Advance -Camp Keltner -Carthage -Dague -Eubank -Friendship -Frisco -Goodwell -Guymon -Hackberry -Hardesty -Hooker -Nabisco -Optima -Pleasant View -Range -Red Point -Sledgeville -Stratton -Tepee -Texhoma -Turney -Tyrone
Tillman
Alfalfa -Carr -Davidson -Frederick -Grandfield -Haskell -Hazel -Hollister -Holton -Hunter -Loveland -Maguire -Manitou -Red River -Richland -Stephens -Tipton
Tulsa
Bixby -Boles -Broken Arrow -Collinsville -Dawson -Fry -Glenpool -Jenks -Lynn Lane -Owasso -Red Fork -Sand Springs -Skiatook -Sperry -Tulsa -Wekiwa -Willow Springs
Wagoner
Adams Creek -Blue Mound -Cherokee -Coal Creek -Coweta -Creek -Gatesville -Lone Star -Okay -Porter -Redbird -Shahan -Shannon -Stone Bluff -Tullahassee -Wagoner
Washington
Bartlesville -Copan -Dewey -Jackson -Jefferson -Madison -Ochelata -Ramona -Vera
Washita
Bessie -Canute -Cordell -Dill City -Elk -Foss -Oakdale -Rainey -Rocky -Seger -Sentinel -Texas -Turkey Creek -Union
Woods
Alva -Avord -Belle -Capron -Cedar -Dacoma -Driftwood -Eagle -Elberta -Freedom -Fritzlen -Galena -Green Valley - Hopeton -Jefferson -Liberty -McKinley -OBryan -Patterson -Penn -Spring -Valley -Walnut Grove -Waynoka -Whitehorse -Yellowstone
Woodward
Cedardale -Center -Detroit -Garvey -Irwin -Jefferson -Liberty -McNeal -Mooreland -Mutual -Penn -Quinlan -Sharon -Supply -Union -Webster -Woodward